Reproduction in plants and animals and its types

Definition: 

               Reproduction is the basic characteristic of living organisms .In which the organisms produce offspring  of their own kind to ensure the the continuance of its race.

Types of reproduction :

                                   There are two types of reproduction

1. Sexual reproduction .
2. Asexual reproduction .

Sexual reproduction :

                                    The  sexual reproduction involve the the fusion of nuclei of the sex cells or the gametes of the parents.This process of fusion of nuclei of gametes is called fertilization .
This occurs both in plants and animals.

Asexual reproduction:

                                 In this type of sexual reproduction the fertilization(fusion of nucleus of gametes) absent.
In this type of reproduction the  offspring have no variation (changes in offspring with parents)the offspring will be similar as like the parents.
 Asexual reproduction occurs in both the plant and animals (in case of unicellular)
In plants it is used to preserve desirable qualities of crops.its advantage that,
This type is efficient and a shorter time is required by the species to complete its life cycle and its disadvantage is that in its result progeny that identical to their single parent thus no variations are produce.

Growth in plants and animals its types

Definition:
               Growth is the biological process in which the number of cells increases or the increase in size and weight.Growth occurs in both plants and animals.It is permanent .
Types:
        There are two types of Growth:

1.  Indeterminate Growth (open growth)
2. Determinate Growth.    (closed growth)

Indeterminate Growth:
                                   In this type of growth the organism size continuously increases as long as they live.This type of growth mostly occur in plants.Because plants have the capacity for the indeterminate growth due the presence of perpetual embryonic tissues called  meristems  or the meristematic tissues.

Determinate Growth :
                                 The type of growth occur in mostly animals in which they cease growing after reaching a certain size.this type of growth mostly occurs in animals.

Alkyl Halides introduction Chemistry

Alkyl Halide Introduction:

                             Alkyl halid are the compounds in which a halogen atom has been substituted for a hydrogen stom  in alkanes.

              They have general formula .
                                                             R----X

            where R=alkyle group.
            and X =F,Cl,Br,I.

The alkyl halide are classified as primery, secondary,or tertiary depending upon wether the halogen atom is attached to a primery ,secondary or tertiary Carbon atom.Alkyle halide are the most useful organic compounds.they frequently used to introduce alkyl groups into organic molecules

Thank you !